uws-old

`µWS` is one of the most lightweight, efficient & scalable WebSocket & HTTP server implementations available. It features an easy-to-use, fully async object-oriented interface and scales to millions of connections using only a fraction of memory compared to the competition. While performance and scalability are two of our top priorities, we consider security, stability and standards compliance paramount. License is zlib/libpng (very permissive & suits commercial applications).

• Autobahn tests all pass.
• Significantly outperforms WebSocket++, libwebsockets, Beast, Crow, Gorilla, Kaazing Gateway, ws and Socket.IO in every tested dimension (see benchmark table below).
• Outperforms Apache, Node.js, NGINX by at least 4x in HTTP requests per second.
• Linux, OS X & Windows support.
• Valgrind / AddressSanitizer clean.
• Built-in load balancing and multi-core scalability.
• SSL/TLS support & integrates with foreign HTTPS servers.
• Permessage-deflate built-in.
• Node.js binding exposed as the well-known ws interface (uws is at least 20x faster and 20x more scalable).

Benchmarks table - validate

Implementation	User space memory scaling	Connection performance	Short message throughput	Huge message throughput
Beast 1.0.0 b17	µWS is 7x as lightweight 👍	µWS is 4x as performant	µWS is 22x as performant	µWS is 3x as performant
libwebsockets 2.0	µWS is 11x as lightweight	µWS is equal in performance 👍	µWS is 6x as performant	µWS is 4x as performant
Crow [Sep 21]	µWS is 13x as lightweight	µWS is 2x as performant	µWS is 12x as performant	unable to measure
Gorilla e8f0f8a	µWS is 46x as lightweight	µWS is 3x as performant	µWS is 5x as performant 😮	data missing
ws v1.1.0 + binary addons	µWS is 47x as lightweight	µWS is 18x as performant	µWS is 33x as performant	µWS is 2x as performant
Kaazing Gateway Community 5.0.0	µWS is 62x as lightweight	µWS is 15x as performant	µWS is 18x as performant	unable to measure
Socket.IO 1.5.1	µWS is 62x as lightweight	µWS is 42x as performant 👎	µWS is 61x as performant 👎	data missing
WebSocket++ v0.7.0	µWS is 63x as lightweight 👎	µWS is 4x as performant	µWS is 3x as performant 👍	µWS is 2x as performant 👍

Benchmarks are run with default settings in all libraries, except for ws which is run with the native performance addons. These results were achieved with the native C++ server, not the Node.js addon. Expect worse performance and scalability when using Node.js (don't worry, the Node.js addon will run circles around ws).

HTTP benchmarks

HTTP 1.1 benchmark using wrk. All servers but Apache are single threaded and all serve a static page with no PHP, database queries or similar. Apache performance is estimated by dividing its multi-process performance by number of CPU cores.

Experimental HTTP 1.1 benchmark using wrk + Japronto's own (ridiculous) pipeline script.

Built with µWS

Usage

C++

µWebSockets is a high performance C++ library with optional bindings to Node.js. It is greatly recommended investing in a proper C++ implementation if performance and memory scalability is considered critical for the solution in whole. The C++ interface has been designed for simplicity and only requires you to write a few lines of code to get a working server:

#include <uWS.h>
 
int main()
{
    uWS::Hub h;
 
    h.onMessage([](uWS::WebSocket<uWS::SERVER> ws, char *message, size_t length, uWS::OpCode opCode) {
        ws.send(message, length, opCode);
    });
 
    h.listen(3000);
    h.run();
}

Node.js

We built µWS with the existing Node.js infrastructure in mind. That's why we target the widespread ws interface, allowing us to seamlessly integrate with already existing projects. You simply swap require('ws') with require('uws'):

var WebSocketServer = require('uws').Server;
var wss = new WebSocketServer({ port: 3000 });
 
function onMessage(message) {
    console.log('received: ' + message);
}
 
wss.on('connection', function(ws) {
    ws.on('message', onMessage);
    ws.send('something');
});

Deviations from ws

There are some important incompatibilities with ws though, we aim to be ~90% compatible but will never implement behavior that is deemed too inefficient:

• Binary data is passed zero-copy as an ArrayBuffer. This means you need to copy it to keep it past the callback. It also means you need to convert it with Buffer.from(message) if you expect a Node.js Buffer.
• webSocket._socket is not a net.Socket, it is just a getter function with very basic functionalities.
• webSocket._socket.remote... might fail, you need to cache it at connection.
• webSocket acts like an EventEmitter with one listener per event maximum.
• webSocket.upgradeReq is only valid during execution of the connection handler. If you want to keep properties of the upgradeReq for the entire lifetime of the webSocket you better attach that specific property to the webSocket at connection.

Notable projects defaulting to µWS

µWS is the default engine in recent versions of deepstream.io, SocketCluster and Socket.IO.

While having a fast low level engine by default certainly helps when it comes to efficiency, you still need to watch out for wrapper overhead. Some of these projects have been shown to add up to 10x in throughput overhead. Always check your numbers before jumping the gun. Take Sails.js for one, it wraps ExpressJS and performs 13x worse than ExpressJS, while ExpressJS wraps Node.js and performs 3x worse than Node.js. Comparing Sails.js with µWS in HTTP requests per second gives a 300x difference in performance. Many projects in the Node.js sphere are just wrappers of wrappers of wrappers which add astronomical overhead. Roughly speaking, the fewer NPM modules you can use the better.

Not quite there yet

You can set 'uws' as transformer in Primus:

var primus = new Primus(server, { transformer: 'uws' });

Installation

Node.js developers

• Node.js 4.x, 5.x & 6.x supported (Windows version requires Node.js 6.4.0+)
• Linux, Mac OS X & Windows supported
• gcc >= 4.8.0 and make (or compatible) are required to build from source. This translates to Visual Studio >= 2015 on Windows and Clang >= 3.3 on macOS.

On installation, the module will be attempted to be build from source. If that fails, it will attempt to fall back to prebuilt modules which are provided for most platforms. If that fails too, uws will throw on require.

C++ developers

Dependencies

First of all you need to install the required dependencies. On Unix systems this is typically done via package managers, like homebrew in the case of OS X or dnf in the case of Fedora Linux. On Windows you need to search the web for pre-compiled binaries or simply compile the dependencies yourself.

• libuv 1.3+
• OpenSSL 1.0.x
• zlib 1.x
• CMake 3.x

Compilation

Obviously you will need to clone this repo to get the sources. We use CMake as build system.

• git clone https://github.com/uWebSockets/uWebSockets.git && cd uWebSockets
• cmake .

Now, on Unix systems it should work by simply running make. Run [sudo] make install as you wish.

Windows, in all its glory

If you are running Windows you should now have a bunch of Visual Studio project files and one solution file. Open the solution file, now you need to make sure the header include paths and library paths are all set according to where you installed the dependencies. You might also need to change the names of the libraries being linked against, all according to the names of the installed library files. You know the drill.