markdown-it-math

Note This library defaults to rendering your equation with an AsciiMath dialect. If you want to use LaTeX, follow the instructions below.

Note mathup or temml are optional peer dependencies, you must explicitly install either of them if you plan to use the default renderer (see [installation][#Installation] below).

Pythagorean theorem is $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$.

Bayes theorem:

$$
P(A | B) = (P(B | A)P(A)) / P(B) .
$$

Installation

npm install markdown-it-math --save

# Optional (use the default AsciiMath renderer)
npm install mathup --save

# Optional (use a LaTeX renderer instead)
npm install temml --save

In a browser

Use an importmap. Change /path/to/modules to the location of your modules.

<!--mathup or temml are optional -->
<script type="importmap">
  {
    "imports": {
      "markdown-it": "/path/to/modules/markdown-it/index.mjs",
      "markdown-it-math": "/path/to/modules/markdown-it-math/index.js",
      "mathup": "/path/to/modules/mathup.js",
      "temml": "/path/to/modules/temml.mjs"
    }
  }
</script>

Note Adding mathup or temml to your import map is optional. Only add mathup if you want to use it as the default AsciiMath renderer. Add Temml if you want to use it as the LaTeX renderer.

Usage

With default AsciiMath (mathup) renderer

import markdownIt from "markdown-it";
import markdownItMath from "markdown-it-math";

// Optional (with defaults)
const options = {
  inlineDelimiters: ["$", ["$`", "`$"]],
  inlineAllowWhiteSpacePadding: false,
  blockDelimiters: "$$",
  mathupOptions,
  inlineCustomElement, // see below
  inlineRenderer, // see below
  blockCustomElement, // see below
  blockRenderer, // see below
};

const md = markdownIt().use(markdownItMath, options);

md.render(`
A text $1+1=2$ with math.

$$
bf A._(3 xx 3) =
[a_(1 1), a_(1 2), a_(1 3)
 a_(2 1), a_(2 2), a_(2 3)
 a_(3 1), a_(3 2), a_(3 3)]
$$
`);

You may also want to include the stylesheet from mathup. See mathup for reference and usage instructions about the default renderer.

LaTeX (Temml)

# install temml as a peer dependency
npm install --save temml

import markdownIt from "markdown-it";
import markdownItMathTemml from "markdown-it-math/temml";

// Optional, if you want macros to persit across equations.
const macros = {};

const md = markdownIt().use(markdownItMathTemml, {
  temmlOptions: { macros },
});

Note that the markdown-it-math/temml export supports the same options as above, except mathupOptions, you can use temmlOptions instead.

md.render(String.raw`
A text $1+1=2$ with math.

$$
\underset{3 \times 3}{\mathbf{A}} =
\begin{bmatrix}
  a_{1 1} & a_{1 2} & c_{1 3} \\
  a_{2 1} & a_{2 2} & c_{2 3} \\
  a_{3 1} & a_{3 2} & c_{3 3}
\end{bmatrix}
$$
`);

You may also want to include the stylesheets and fonts from Temml. See Temml for reference and usage instructions about the default renderer.

No Default Renderer

markdown-it-math/no-default-renderer is the minimal export. Use this if you want to provide your own renderer.

Note: The other two exports use top-level await to dynamically import the respective peer dependency. If your environment does not support that, this export is recommended, in which case you should manually supply the renderers.

import markdownIt from "markdown-it";
import markdownItMath from "markdown-it-math/no-default-renderer";

const md = markdownIt().use(markdownItMath, {
  inlineRenderer: customInlineMathRenderer,
  blockRenderer: customBlockMathRenderer,
});

Options

• inlineDelimiters: A string, or an array of strings (or pairs of strings) specifying delimiters for inline math expressions. If a string, the same delimiter is used for open and close. If a pair of strings, the first string opens and the second one closes. Empty strings or pairs containing empty strings are ignored. If no valid strings or pairs are provided, it will turn off the rule. Default ["$", ["$`", "`$"]].

• inlineAllowWhiteSpacePadding: Whether to allow whitespace immediately after the opening delimiter and immediately before the closing delimiter. You may want this if you use e.g. $`...`$ or \(...\) as delimiters where the risk of non-intended math expression is low.

• blockDelimiters: Same as above, but for block expressions. Default "$$".

• mathupOptions: The options passed to the default mathup renderer. Ignored if you use a custom renderer. Default {}.

• temmlOptions: The options passed to the temml renderer. Only available if you import from markdown-it-math/temml Ignored if you use a custom renderer. Default {}.

• inlineCustomElement: Specify "tag-name" or ["tag-name", { some: "attrs" }] if you want to render inline expressions to a custom element. Ignored if you provide a custom renderer.

• inlineRenderer: Provide a custom inline math renderer. Accepts the source content, the parsed markdown-it token, and the markdown-it instance. Default:

  import mathup from "mathup";
  
  function defaultInlineRenderer(src, token, md) {
    return mathup(src, mathupOptions).toString();
  }

• blockCustomElement: Specify "tag-name" or ["tag-name", { some: "attrs" }] if you want to render block expressions to a custom element. Ignored if you provide a custom renderer.

• blockRenderer: Provide a custom block math renderer. Accepts the source content, the parsed markdown-it token, and the markdown-it instance. Default:

  import mathup from "mathup";
  
  function defaultBlockRenderer(src, token, md) {
    return mathup(src, {
      ...mathupOptions,
      display: "block",
    }).toString();
  }

Alternatives

• @mdit/plugin-katex - Renders expressions to KaTeX rather than MathML
• markdown-it-mathspan and markdown-it-mathblock - Uses commonmark inspired delimiters with customiable renderer.

Examples

Using comma as a decimal mark

import markdownIt from "markdown-it";
import markdownItMath from "markdown-it-math";

const md = markdownIt().use(markdownItMath, {
  mathupOptions: { decimalMark: "," },
});

md.render("$40,2$");
// <p><math><mn>40,2</mn></math></p>

Render to a custom <la-tex> element

Refer to temml-custom-element for usage instructions about the <la-tex> custom element.

import markdownIt from "markdown-it";
import markdownItMath from "markdown-it-math";

const md = markdownIt().use(markdownItMath, {
  inlineCustomElement: "la-tex",
  blockCustomElement: ["la-tex", { display: "block" }],
});

md.render(String.raw`
$\sin(2\pi)$.
$$
\int_{0}^{\infty} E[X]
$$
`);
// <p><la-tex>\sin(2\pi)</la-tex>.</p>
// <la-tex display="block">\int_{0}^{\infty} E[X]</la-tex>

Turning off inline math

import markdownIt from "markdown-it";
import markdownItMath from "markdown-it-math";

const md = markdownIt().use(markdownItMath, {
  inlineDelimiters: "",
});

Only block math is allowed. $a^2$ will not render into inline math.

But this will render into block math:

$$
a^2
$$

Using LaTeX style delimiters

import markdownIt from "markdown-it";
import markdownItMath from "markdown-it-math";

const md = markdownIt().use(markdownItMath, {
  inlineDelimiters: [["\\(", "\\)"]],
  blockDelimiters: [["\\[", "\\]"]],
});

Note there are restrictions on what inline delimiters you can use, based on optimization for the markdown-it parser see here for details.

Unlike LaTeX, block level math must be on its own lines.

Some text with inline math \(a^2 + b^2 = c^2\)

And block math:
\[ e = sum_(n=0)^oo 1 / n! \]

This expression \[P(x \in X) = 0\] will not render.

Different rendering for different delimiters

import markdownIt from "markdown-it";
import markdownItMath from "markdown-it-math";
import mathup from "mathup";
import temml from "temml";

const md = markdownIt().use(markdownItMath, {
  inlineDelimiters: ["$", ["\\(", "\\)"]],
  inlineRenderer(src, token) {
    if (token.markup === "$") {
      return mathup(src).toString();
    }

    return temml.renderToString(src);
  },

  blockDelimiters: ["$$", ["\\[", "\\]"]],
  blockRenderer(src, token) {
    if (token.markup === "$$") {
      return mathup(src, { display: "block" }).toString();
    }

    return temml.renderToString(src, { displayMode: true });
  },
});

Now you can use both $"AsciiMath"$ and \(\latex\) expressions:

Some text with inline AsciiMath $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$
and inline LaTeX math \(\sin \theta\)

And AsciiMath:
$$
e = sum_(n=0)^oo 1 / n!
$$

And LaTeX math:
\[
e = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n!}
\]

LaTeX Preample

import markdownIt from "markdown-it";
import markdownItMathTemml from "markdown-it-math/temml";
import temml from "temml";

// An object to keep all the global macros.
const macros = {};

const md = markdownIt().use(markdownItMathTemml, {
  temmlOptions: { macros },

  blockDelimiters: ["$$", ["$$ preample", "$$"]],
  blockRenderer(src, token) {
    if (token.markup === "$$ preample") {
      // Add these defs to the global macros.
      Object.assign(macros, temml.definePreamble(src));

      // Don’t render anything.
      return "";
    }

    return temml.renderToString(src, { displayMode: true, macros });
  },
});

# The Expected value

$$ preample
\def\E{\mathbb{E}}
\newcommand\d[0]{\operatorname{d}\!}
$$

Now we can use the macros defined above.

$$
\E[X] = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} xf(x) \d{x}
$$

Note that this plugin does not support info strings but the open delimiter can be customized to look like an info string (see below). Consider markdown-it-mathblock if you need commonmark compliant info strings.

Deprecated Options

• inlineOpen and inlineClose (since v5.0.0): Deprecated in favor of inlineDelimiters:

    markdownIt().use(markdownItMath, {
  -   inlineOpen: "$",
  -   inlineClose: "$",
  +   inlineDelimiters: "$",
    });

• blockOpen and blockClose (since v5.0.0): Deprecated in favor of blockDelimiters:

    markdownIt().use(markdownItMath, {
  -   blockOpen: "$$",
  -   blockClose: "$$",
  +   blockDelimiters: "$$",
    });

• defaultRendererOptions (since v5.2.0): Deprecated in favor of mathupOptions:

    markdownIt().use(markdownItMath, {
  -   defaultRendererOptions: { decimalMark: "," },
  +   mathupOptions: { decimalMark: "," },
    });

Upgrading From v4

Version 5 introduced some breaking changes, along with dropping legacy platforms.

• The default delimiters changed from $$ and $$$ for inline and block math respectively to $ and $$. If you want to keep the thicker variants, you must set the relevant options:

  markdownIt().use(markdownItMath, {
    inlineDelimiters: "$$",
    blockDelimiters: "$$$",
  });

• The options passed into the default mathup renderer has been renamed from renderingOptions to mathupOptions:

    markdownIt().use(markdownItMath, {
  -   renderingOptions: { decimalMark: ",", },
  +   mathupOptions: { decimalMark: ",", },
    });

• The default math renderer has been changed from Ascii2MathML to it’s successor mathup. There is a minor syntax and some output differences, so this may brake some of your old expressions: If you are afraid this happens you can opt into the legacy renderer:

  npm install ascii2mathml

  import ascii2mathml from "ascii2mathml";
  
  // The old renderingOptions settings must be explicitly passed in.
  const mathRendererOptions = { decimalMark: "," };
  
  markdownIt().use(markdownItMath, {
    inlineRenderer: ascii2mathml(mathRendererOptions),
    blockRenderer: ascii2mathml({ ...mathRendererOptions, display: "block" }),
  });