lcd

Hitachi HD44780 LCD driver

lcd

A Node.js Hitachi HD44780 LCD driver for Linux boards like the Raspberry Pi Zero, 1, 2, or 3, BeagleBone, or BeagleBone Black. Heavily inspired by the Arduino LiquidCrystal library.

Most LCDs compatible with the HD44780 have a sixteen pin interface. This Node.js module uses six of these interface pins for controlling such displays. Register select (RS), enable (E), and four data bus pins (D4-D7). The read/write (R/W) pin is assumed to be tied low to permanently select write mode.

Installation

$ npm install lcd

If you're using Node.js v4 or higher and seeing lots of compile errors when installing lcd, it's very likely that gcc/g++ 4.8 or higher are not installed. See Node.js v4 and native addons for details.

If you're using Node.js v0.10.29 on the Raspberry Pi and seeing a compile error saying that ‘REPLACE_INVALID_UTF8’ is not a member of ‘v8::String’ see Node.js v0.10.29 and native addons on the Raspberry Pi.

If you're using Node.js v0.10.29 on the BeagleBone Black and seeing a compile error saying that ‘REPLACE_INVALID_UTF8’ is not a member of ‘v8::String’ see Node.js v0.10.29 and native addons on the BeagleBone Black.

Usage

The following program can be used to make a UTC digital clock.

var Lcd = require('lcd'),
  lcd = new Lcd({rs: 45, e: 44, data: [66, 67, 68, 69], cols: 8, rows: 1});
 
lcd.on('ready', function () {
  setInterval(function () {
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print(new Date().toISOString().substring(11, 19), function (err) {
      if (err) {
        throw err;
      }
    });
  }, 1000);
});
 
// If ctrl+c is hit, free resources and exit. 
process.on('SIGINT', function () {
  lcd.close();
  process.exit();
});

Here it is up and running on a BeagleBone Black wired up to an 8x1 display:

After requiring the lcd module, the above program creates an Lcd object. The constructor function is passed all the necessary information.

The six LCD interface pins used to control the display need to be wired up to six GPIOs on the BeagleBone Black. GPIOs on Linux are identified by unsigned integers. The relevant information for all six GPIOs used here is shown in the following table:

BBB Expansion Header	GPIO No.	LCD Function	LCD Pin No.
P8_7	66	Data Bus Bit 4	11
P8_8	67	Data Bus Bit 5	12
P8_10	68	Data Bus Bit 6	13
P8_9	69	Data Bus Bit 7	14
P8_11	45	Register Select	4
P8_12	44	Enable	6

The constructor function is also told how many columns and rows the display has, eight and one respectively in this case.

It takes several milliseconds to initialize an LCD. The constructor starts the initialization process, but it doesn't wait for it to complete. Instead, a 'ready' event is emitted after the LCD has been completely initialized and is ready for usage.

The 'ready' handler leverages setInterval to execute a function that updates the time displayed on the LCD once a second.

API

Lcd(config)

Returns a new Lcd object which inherits from EventEmitter. A 'ready' event will be emitted when the display is ready for usage.

The config object has these possibilities:

cols LCD column count. Defaults to 16.
rows LCD row count. Defaults to 1.
largeFont Use 5x10 dot font. Defaults to false for 5x8 dot font.
rs Register select GPIO number.
e Enable GPIO number.
data Array of four GPIO numbers for data bus bits D4 through D7.

print(val, [callback])

Converts val to string and writes it to the display asynchronously.

If the optional completion callback is omitted, a 'printed' event is emitted after the operation has completed. The string representation of val is passed to the 'printed' event handler as the first argument. If an error occurs, an 'error' event will be emitted and an error object will be passed to the 'error' event handler as the first argument.

If the optional completion callback is specified, it gets two arguments (err, str), where err is reserved for an error object and str is the string representation of val. If the optional completion callback is specified, no 'printed' or 'error' event will be emitted.

The example print-twice-20x4.js demonstrates how to print two strings in succession.

clear([callback])

Clears display and returns cursor to the home position asynchronously.

If the optional completion callback is omitted, a 'clear' event is emitted after the operation has completed. If an error occurs, an 'error' event will be emitted and an error object will be passed to the 'error' event handler as the first argument.

If the optional completion callback is specified, it gets one argument (err), where err is reserved for an error object. If the optional completion callback is specified, no 'clear' or 'error' event will be emitted.

home([callback])

Returns cursor to home position asynchronously. Also returns display being shifted to the original position.

If the optional completion callback is omitted, a 'home' event is emitted after the operation has completed. If an error occurs, an 'error' event will be emitted and an error object will be passed to the 'error' event handler as the first argument.

If the optional completion callback is specified, it gets one argument (err), where err is reserved for an error object. If the optional completion callback is specified, no 'home' or 'error' event will be emitted.

setCursor(col, row) Moves the cursor to the specified col and row. Numbering for col and row starts at zero.

cursor() Turn cursor on.

noCursor() Turn cursor off.

blink() Turn cursor blink on.

noBlink() Turn cursor blink off.

scrollDisplayLeft() Shift display to the left. Cursor follows the display shift.

scrollDisplayRight() Shift display to the right. Cursor follows the display shift.

leftToRight() Sets cursor move direction to left to right.

rightToLeft() Sets cursor move direction to right to left.

autoscroll() Automatically shift display when data is written to display.

noAutoscroll() Turn automatic shifting off.

close() Frees (unexports) all GPIOs used by the Lcd.

Example "Hello, World!" on an 8x1 display

"Hello, World!" is five characters too long for an 8x1 display, but by moving the cursor to the ninth column, turning autoscroll on, and displaying a new character every 300 milliseconds the text can be scrolled onto the display character by character. Note that an 8x1 display actually has eighty columns but only eight of them are visible.

var Lcd = require('lcd'),
  lcd = new Lcd({rs: 45, e: 44, data: [66, 67, 68, 69], cols: 8, rows: 1});
 
function print(str, pos) {
  pos = pos || 0;
 
  if (pos === str.length) {
    pos = 0;
  }
 
  lcd.print(str[pos], function (err) {
    if (err) {
      throw err;
    }
 
    setTimeout(function () {
      print(str, pos + 1);
    }, 300);
  });
}
 
lcd.on('ready', function () {
  lcd.setCursor(8, 0);
  lcd.autoscroll();
  print('Hello, World! ** ');
});
 
// If ctrl+c is hit, free resources and exit. 
process.on('SIGINT', function () {
  lcd.close();
  process.exit();
});