skipped-periodic-values.js
Given a distance that ignores a periodic value, determine how many periodic values were skipped.
Terminology
The members of a periodic function's output are the "values." A single member is a "value."
The distance that the function repeats itself along is the "period."
API
skippedPeriodicValues(start, distance, value, period)
Find the number of values skipped across "distance."