gcloud-trace

Preface

This is a simple, unofficial library for creating Stackdriver traces. Google has an alpha library that instruments a variety of common modules, which you may prefer to use instead.

Authentication

If running on Google Cloud Platform, authentication can happen automatically if you have the https://www.googleapis.com/auth/trace.append or https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform (a.k.a. cloud-platform) OAuth scope enabled on the resource where you're running this library. Otherwise you will need to provide credentials:

var projectId = process.env.GCLOUD_PROJECT; // e.g. 'grape-spaceship-123'
 
var tracing = require('gcloud-trace')({
  projectId: projectId,
 
  // The path to your key file:
  keyFilename: '/path/to/keyfile.json'
 
  // Or the contents of the key file:
  credentials: require('./path/to/keyfile.json')
});

Example

var config = {
    projectId: 'my-project'
};
var tracing = require('gcloud-trace')(config);
 
function myfn(req, res, next) {
    var span0 = tracing.startRootSpan('name'); // creates a trace and root-level span
    // Do some work
 
    // Optionally create nested spans with or without labels
    var span1 = span0.startSpan('child span 1', {key1: 'value 1'});
    // Do some work
 
    var span2 = span1.startSpan('child span 1-1');
    // Do some other work
 
    span2.end(); // optional; if omitted will end when span1 or trace/span0 ends
    span1.end(); // optional; if omitted will end when trace/span0 ends
    span0.end(); // required
}

API

Class: Tracing

require('gcloud-trace')(config)

• config.writeInterval <Number> Maximum write interval in seconds.
• config.maxBufferSize <Number> Maximum buffer size before a write is forced.
• Return: tracing instance.

tracing.startRootSpan(name[, labels])

• name <String> Name for the span.
• labels <Object> Optional labels to apply to the span.
• Return: <Span>

This is what you will typically use to create traces.

Creates a trace with a root span with the provided name and optional labels. The end method on the returned span is augmented to also end the trace. (Calling end on a span created with trace.startSpan() does not end the trace.) The returned span also has a cancel method (see Trace.cancel).

Note that this root-level span's name is used as the URI in the Stackdriver Trace web interface trace list.

tracing.startTrace()

• Return: <Trace>

Creates an empty trace.

tracing.getTrace(traceId, callback)

• traceId <String> Trace ID to retrieve.
• callback <Function> The callback function.
  • callback.err <?Error> An error returned while making this request.
  • callback.trace <Trace> The trace.

The Stackdriver Trace API allows patching of traces at any time. You can thus use this to retrieve an existing trace and modify existing or add new spans to it. For example, you could send a traceId to an RPC server and continue tracing on the other server.

Class: Trace

trace.startSpan(name[, labels])

• name <String> Name for the span.
• labels <Object> Optional labels to apply to the span.
• Return: <Span>

Starts a new root-level span on this trace.

trace.end()

Ends all of the trace's spans and queues it for writing.

trace.cancel()

Added in 1.1.0

Cancels the trace. All methods remain intact on the trace and its spans, but calling end will not send the trace to the server.

Class: Span

span.end([labels])

• labels <Object> Optional key-value label pairs to apply to the span.

Ends this span.

span.startSpan(name[, labels])

• name <String> Name for the span.
• labels <Object> Optional labels to apply to the span.
• Return: <Span>

Starts a new child span on this span.

Enum Span.SPAN_KIND

• UNSPECIFIED
• RPC_SERVER
• RPC_CLIENT

These don't seem to have an effect on display in the GCP console, but you can set the span kind to these values if you wish: span.kind = Span.SPAN_KIND.RPC_SERVER. See docs.

Hooks

Express

Added in 1.1.0

var tracing = require('gcloud-trace')({projectId: 'my-project'});
var app = express();
app.use(tracing.Express());
app.use('/path', function (req, res) {
  // Use req.trace.startSpan to trace operations within a request:
  var span = req.trace.startSpan('doing work');
  // do work...
  span.end(); // optional; will get closed when the request ends.
});

The tracing.Express middleware traces requests end-to-end with a root span, which is automatically labeled with the method, URL, hostname, status code and response size. That span is exposed as req.trace if you want to add child spans in your request handlers or other middleware.

Use the config to set rate limiting on tracing (default is unlimited):

app.use(tracing.Express({
  maxRPS: 100 // trace up to 100 requests per second
}));

If you want to skip tracing for a particular route or under particular cases, call req.trace.cancel().

The o=TRACE_TRUE suffix of the X-Cloud-Trace-Context header can be used to force a request to be traced or not traced (see docs). If provided, the TRACE_ID and SPAN_ID fields are used as well. Valid headers patterns include:

• X-Cloud-Trace-Context: o=1 trace and use auto-generated IDs
• X-Cloud-Trace-Context: b75dc0042a82efcb6b0a194911272926 use specified traceId and auto-generated spanId. Use default tracing decision (e.g. maxRPS setting).
• X-Cloud-Trace-Context: b75dc0042a82efcb6b0a194911272926/1258215 use specified traceId, and start counting from specified spanId. Use default tracing decision.
• X-Cloud-Trace-Context: b75dc0042a82efcb6b0a194911272926/1258215;o=1 use specified traceId and spanId, and force tracing.

This is useful for continuing traces across servers/services.

Note that Google specifies SPAN_ID as a 64-bit integer, which is not necessarily safe in JavaScript. gcloud-trace will only use the provided SPAN_ID if it is a safe JavaScript integer; otherwise it will default to 1. (GCP load balancers frequently generate unsafe JavaScript integers.)

Tips

Labels

Google uses several special labels present on root spans to display traces nicely. Some of them are documented here; the rest listed below are based on observations:

• "trace.cloud.google.com/http/status_code": "200"
  • Displayed on the trace details page; used for filtering on trace list page.
• "trace.cloud.google.com/http/method": "POST"
  • Displayed on the trace list and details pages.
• "trace.cloud.google.com/http/url": "http://test.com/path/" (or relative URL)
  • Displayed at the top of the trace details pages.
• "trace.cloud.google.com/http/host": "hostname"
  • This is listed in the above-linked docs, but doesn't seem to be handled specially. (Only shows up in the sidebar.)
• "trace.cloud.google.com/http/response/size": "123456"
  • This is listed in the above-linked docs, but doesn't seem to be handled specially. (Only shows up in the sidebar.)
• "trace.cloud.google.com/gae/app/module": "service name"
  • Displayed as the "Service" in Trace Details.
• "trace.cloud.google.com/gae/request_log_id": "12ab8cd8fh9ac"
  • Used to connect the "show logs" button in the trace viewer to the Stackdriver logging interface/viewer. This seems to be limited to querying appengine logs based on the log's request_id.

Also note that the root-level span's name is used as the URI in the trace list.

Effects on node.js process

Write are batched and dispatched at the writeInterval interval. The batching timer is weakly referenced; it will not keep the node process alive after a shutdown has started, but consequently writes may be lost on shutdown.