Filtrex
A simple, safe, JavaScript expression engine, allowing end-users to enter arbitrary expressions without p0wning you.
category == "meal" and (calories * weight > 2000.0 or subcategory in ("cake", "pie"))Get it
Filtrex is available as a NPM package via yarn add filtrex or npm install filtrex:
import { compileExpression } from 'filtrex';
const f = compileExpression(`category == "meal"`)You can also get the bundled versions from ./dist/.
Why?
There are many cases where you want a user to be able enter an arbitrary expression through a user interface. e.g.
- Plot a chart (example)
- Filter/searching across items using multiple fields (example)
- Colorize items based on values (example)
- Implement a browser based spreadsheet
Sure, you could do that with JavaScript and eval(), but I'm sure I don't have to tell you how stupid that would be.
Filtrex defines a really simple expression language that should be familiar to anyone who's ever used a spreadsheet, and compiles it into a JavaScript function at runtime.
Features
-
Simple! End user expression language looks like this
transactions <= 5 and abs(profit) > 20.5 -
Fast! Expressions get compiled into JavaScript functions, offering the same performance as if it had been hand coded. e.g.
function(item) { return item.transactions <=5 && Math.abs(item.profit) > 20.5; } - Safe! You as the developer have control of which data can be accessed and the functions that can be called. Expressions cannot escape the sandbox.
- Pluggable! Add your own data and functions.
- Predictable! Because users can't define loops or recursive functions, you know you won't be left hanging.
10 second tutorial
import { compileExpression } from 'filtrex';
// Input from user (e.g. search filter)
const expression = `transactions <= 5 and abs(profit) > 20.5`;
// Compile expression to executable function
const myfilter = compileExpression(expression);
// Execute function
myfilter({transactions: 3, profit:-40.5}); // → true
myfilter({transactions: 3, profit:-14.5}); // → falseUnder the hood, the above expression gets compiled to a clean and fast JavaScript function, looking something like this:
(item) => item.transactions <= 5 && Math.abs(item.profit) > 20.5;Expressions
There are 5 types in Filtrex: numbers, strings, booleans and arrays & objects of these. Numbers may be floating point or integers. The properties of an object can be accessed using the of operator. Types don't get automatically converted: 1 + true isn't two, but an error.
| Values | Description |
|---|---|
| 43, -1.234 | Numbers |
| "hello" | String |
| " \" \\ " | Escaping of double-quotes and blackslash in string |
| foo, a.b.c, 'foo-bar' | External data variable defined by application (may be numbers or strings) |
BEWARE! Strings must be double-quoted! Single quotes are for external variables. Also, a.b.c doesn't mean data.a.b.c, it means data['a.b.c'].
| Numeric arithmetic | Description |
|---|---|
| x + y | Add |
| x - y | Subtract |
| x * y | Multiply |
| x / y | Divide |
| x ^ y | Power |
| x mod y | Modulo |
BEWARE! Modulo always returns a positive number: -1 mod 3 == 2.
| Comparisons | Description |
|---|---|
| x == y | Equals |
| x != y | Does not equal |
| x < y | Less than |
| x <= y | Less than or equal to |
| x > y | Greater than |
| x >= y | Greater than or equal to |
| x == y <= z | Chained relation, equivalent to (x == y and y <= z) |
| x ~= y | Regular expression match |
| x in (a, b, c) | Equivalent to (x == a or x == b or x == c) |
| x not in (a, b, c) | Equivalent to (x != a and x != b and x != c) |
| Boolean logic | Description |
|---|---|
| x or y | Boolean or |
| x and y | Boolean and |
| not x | Boolean not |
| if x then y else z | If boolean x is true, return value y, else return z |
| ( x ) | Explicity operator precedence |
| Objects and arrays | Description |
|---|---|
| (a, b, c) | Array |
| a in b | Array a is a subset of array b |
| x of y | Property x of object y |
| Built-in functions | Description |
|---|---|
| abs(x) | Absolute value |
| ceil(x) | Round floating point up |
| empty(x) | True if x is undefined, null, an empty array or an empty string |
| exists(x) | True unless x is undefined or null
|
| floor(x) | Round floating point down |
| log(x) | Natural logarithm |
| log2(x) | Logarithm base two |
| log10(x) | Logarithm base ten |
| max(a, b, c...) | Max value (variable length of args) |
| min(a, b, c...) | Min value (variable length of args) |
| round(x) | Round floating point |
| sqrt(x) | Square root |
Errors
Filtrex may throw during the compilation of an expression (for example if it's malformed, or when you supply invalid options). However, it will never throw during the execution of an expression – instead it will return the corresponding error. This is intentional: this way you don't have to be too cautious when executing user-defined filters even in critical code.
| Error type | Meaning |
|---|---|
| UnknownOptionError | You specified an option which was not recognized by Filtrex. Double-check your spelling and the version of Filtrex you are using. |
| UnexpectedTypeError | The user passed a different type than the one accepted by the function or operator. |
| UnknownFunctionError | The user attempted to call a function which is not a predefined function, nor specified in options.extraFunctions. |
| UnknownPropertyError | The user attempted to access a property which is not present in the data object, nor in the constants. If the property is meant to be empty, use undefined or null as its value. If you need to use optional properties in your data, define a customProp function. |
| Error | A general error, typically thrown by Jison when parsing a malformed expression. |
To achieve a good UX, it is recommended to continually validate the user's expression and let them know whether it's well-formed. To achieve this, you can try to build their expression and evaluate it on sample data every few milliseconds – if it either throws or returns an error, display that error to them.
Many errors have a unique I18N_STRING to help you translate the message to the user's preferred language. Check errors.mjs for more info.
Custom functions and constants
When integrating Filtrex into your application, you can add your own custom functions.
// Custom function: Return string length.
function strlen(s) {
return s.length;
}
let options = {
extraFunctions: { strlen }
};
// Compile expression to executable function
let myfilter = compileExpression('strlen(firstname) > 5', options);
myfilter({firstname:'Joe'}); // → false
myfilter({firstname:'Joseph'}); // → trueYou can also add custom constants. This is useful when you want to let the user use a constant value without modifying all the data. If you specify a constant whose name also exists in your data, the constant will have precedence. However, constants cannot be accessed using single-quoted symbols.
const options = {
constants: { pi: Math.PI }
}
const fn = compileExpression(`2 * pi * radius`, options)
fn({ radius: 1/2 })
// → Math.PIconst options = { constants: { a: "a_const " } }
const data = { a: "a_data ", b: "b_data " }
// single-quotes give access to data
const expr = `'a' + a + 'b' + b`
compileExpression(expr, options)(data)
// → "a_data a_const b_data b_data"Custom operator implementations
Filtrex has many built-in operators: +, -, *, /, ^, mod, ==, !=, <, <=, >=, >, ~= and each of them has a well-defined behavior. However, if you want to change anything about them, you are free to. You can override one or more operators using the options.operators setting.
import { compileExpression } from "filtrex";
import { add, subtract, unaryMinus, matrix } from "mathjs";
const options = {
operators: {
'+': add,
'-': (a, b) => b == undefined ? unaryMinus(a) : subtract(a, b),
}
};
const data = { a: matrix([1, 2, 3]), b: matrix([-1, 0, 1]) };
compileExpression(`-a + b`, options)(data)
// → matrix([-2, -2, -2])Custom property function
If you want to do even more magic with Filtrex, you can supply a custom function that will resolve the identifiers used in expressions and assign them a value yourself. This is called a property function and has the following signature:
function propFunction(
propertyName: string, // name of the property being accessed
get: (name: string) => obj[name], // safe getter that retrieves the property from obj
obj: any, // the object passed to compiled expression
type: 'unescaped' | 'single-quoted' // whether the symbol was unquoted or enclosed in single quotes
)For example, this can be useful when you're filtering based on whether a string contains some words or not:
function containsWord(string, word) {
// your optimized code
}
let options = {
customProp: (word, _, string) => containsWord(string, word)
};
let myfilter = compileExpression('Bob and Alice or Cecil', options);
myfilter("Bob is boring"); // → false
myfilter("Bob met Alice"); // → true
myfilter("Cecil is cool"); // → trueSafety note: The get function returns undefined for properties that are defined on the object's prototype, not on the object itself. This is important, because otherwise the user could access things like toString.constructor and maybe do some nasty things with it. Bear this in mind if you decide not to use get and access the properties yourself.
FAQ
Why the name?
Because you can use it to make filtering expressions – expressions that filter data.
What's Jison?
Jison is bundled with Filtrex – it's a JavaScript parser generator that does the underlying hard work of understanding the expression. It's based on Flex and Bison.
License?
Unit tests?
Here: Source
What happens if the expression is malformed?
Calling compileExpression() with a malformed expression will throw an exception. You can catch that and display feedback to the user. A good UI pattern is to attempt to compile on each change (properly debounced, of course) and continuously indicate whether the expression is valid. On the other hand, once the expression is successfully compiled, it will never throw – this is to prevent the user from making your program fail when you expect it the least – a compiled expression that fails at runtime will return an error.
Strings don't work! I can't access a property!
Strings in Filtrex are always double-quoted, like this: "hello", never single-quoted. Symbols (ie. data accessors, or variables) can be unquoted or single-quoted, for example: foo, 'foo-bar', foo.bar. However, the dot there doesn't mean a property accessor – it's just a symbol named literally "foo.bar".
Can I use dots as property accessors?
Yes, you can – using a custom prop function! Since this request is a common one, we even ship the required function with Filtrex – it's called useDotAccessOperator. It is enough to do the following:
import {
compileExpression,
useDotAccessOperator
} from 'filtrex'
const expr = "foo.bar"
const fn = compileExpression(expr, {
customProp: useDotAccessOperator
});
fn({ foo: { bar: 42 } }) // → 42Can I get rid of the UnknownPropertyError?
If you want to return undefined instead of an error when the user accesses an undefined field, you can use the
useOptionalChaining property function. And if you want to combine it with dots as access operators, use the useDotAccessOperatorAndOptionalChaining prop function.
Contributors
- @joewalnes Joe Walnes – the original author of this repository
- @m93a Michal Grňo – maintainer of the NPM package and the current main developer
- @msantos Michael Santos – quoted symbols, regex matches and numerous fixes
- @bradparks Brad Parks – extensible prop function
- @arendjr Arend van Beelen jr. – quote escaping in string literals
- @alexgorbatchev Alex Gorbatchev – the original maintainer of the NPM package