carehtml

carehtml (Custom Auto Registered Elements HTML)

Templates with automatic registration of Custom Elements.

const template = html`<${CustomElement}></${CustomElement}>`;

Inspired by JSX in general and htm in particular.

Motivation

There are 2 main reasons Web Components need something like this:

1. Lack of scoping when registering Custom Elements which creates issues in tests and makes it impossible to have 2 different components with the same name.
2. Inability to have 2 different versions of the same Custom Element when refactoring from an old to a new version, especially when having nested node modules.

Usage with Lit

You need to wrap the Lit html tag:

import { LitElement, html as litHtml } from 'lit';
import takeCareOf from 'carehtml';

const html = takeCareOf(litHtml);

class MySearchBar extends LitElement {
  render() {
    return html`
      <${MyInput} name="query"></${MyInput}>
      <${MyButton}>
        <${MyIcon} icon="search"></${MyIcon}>
        Search
      </${MyButton}>
    `;
  }
}

Wrapping is extra work which might seem unnecessary in the user code, but that allows to decouple carehtml from lit, primarily in terms of npm dependencies. This allows to use carehtml with any version of lit and develop carehtml with its independent release cycle.

Usage with Other Templating Libraries Based on Tagged Templates

In fact it can work with any other templating library which relies on tagged templates. For example with htm allowing to mix Custom Element classes with Preact components (and any other components supported by htm including React ones).

This is an example taken from the htm docs with one change: instead of simple <button> there is a Custom Element based Button from new Material Web Components.

import htm from 'htm';
import { h, Component, render } from 'preact';
import { Button } from '@material/mwc-button';
import takeCareOf from 'carehtml';

const html = takeCareOf(htm.bind(h));

class App extends Component {
  addTodo() {
    const { todos = [] } = this.state;
    this.setState({ todos: todos.concat(`Item ${todos.length}`) });
  }
  render({ page }, { todos = [] }) {
    return html`
      <div class="app">
        <${Header} name="ToDo's (${page})" />
        <ul>
          ${todos.map((todo) => html`<li>${todo}</li>`)}
        </ul>
        <${Button} onClick=${this.addTodo.bind(this)}>Add Todo</${Button}>
        <${Footer}>footer content here<//>
      </div>
    `;
  }
}

render(html`<${App} page="All" />`, document.body);

Usage in Tests

import { html as litHtml, render } from 'lit';
import takeCareOf from 'carehtml';

const html = takeCareOf(litHtml);

describe('MyMixin', () => {
  it('does something', () => {
    class MyElement extends MyMixin(HTMLElement) {
      // define extra behavior
    }

    // create fixture
    // (html`` in this context returns TemplateResult as if it was Lit itself)
    const element = fixture(html`<${MyElement}></${MyElement}>`);

    // test mixin/element behavior
  });
});

function fixture(litTemplate) {
  // please use smth like this in real life
  // https://open-wc.org/recommendations/testing-helpers.html#test-a-custom-element-with-properties
  const wrapper = document.createElement('div');
  render(litTemplate, wrapper);
  document.body.appendChild(wrapper);
  return wrapper.children[0];
}

Benchmarks

Runtime performance is not the key requirement for carehtml since the end goal is to compile the code and have static and still unique tag names in the production code. But some numbers might be interesting to show the impact of such solution on local development and the potential runtime usage in production for projects that want to stay compilation-free.

There are 2 things which carehtml can slow down and which can be measured: creating a template and rendering a template. Both can be measured together as well.

The original idea was that the benchmarks need to compare the most minimalistic template possible, e.g. <my-element></my-element> where MyElement does not render any internal template, otherwise the benchmarks will measure the DOM update caused by the internal template instead of the carehtml overhead. It turned out to be quite difficult to see the carehtml impact in such benchmarks, because it's insignificant as compared to even rendering such a minimalistic <my-element></my-element> template. You can play around with this by using yarn bench:create-and-render:chrome script and alike and modifying the benchmarks/index.html to your needs, e.g. by removing the constructors of the measured elements.

The only thing that makes sense to measure in this situation is the rerendering. The idea is to check if it does not rerender unnecessarily second time when the classes stay the same meaning that the actual template is also the same. That's what makes Lit so fast after all and carehml should not break this essential optimisation. In such benchmarks the <my-element></my-element> should have an internal template which will take most of the time of each render, so that the rerendering (if it happens) is close to being 2 times slower due to that internal template being rendered again. The end setup has MyElement with a shadow root with 100000 divs containing some text. The script yarn bench:create-and-render-twice can be used to measure that. The goal is to have the same numbers when using Lit html directly or wrapped with carehtml.

These are the results for Chrome which clearly show no overhead on rerendering when wrapping with carehtml:

Benchmark	Avg time	vs direct	vs wrapped	vs wrapped with classes
direct	52.30ms - 53.12ms	-	unsure -2% - +1% -0.99ms - +0.44ms	unsure -2% - +0% -1.08ms - +0.04ms
wrapped	52.40ms - 53.57ms	unsure -1% - +2% -0.44ms - +0.99ms	-	unsure -2% - +1% -0.94ms - +0.46ms
wrapped with classes	52.85ms - 53.61ms	unsure -0% - +2% -0.04ms - +1.08ms	unsure -1% - +2% -0.46ms - +0.94ms	-

Measurements in other browsers are similar.

Special Thanks

For their awesome cross-browser testing automation solution!